Unlike margin feeding, it is characterized by distinct perforations that occur in the central part of the leaf or between the veins. Hole feeding is known in a range of insect groups, including young-instar caterpillars of moths (such as noctuids and geometrids), as well as leaf beetles, especially flea beetles, weevils, grasshoppers, sawflies, and crane flies. Some of these lineages also show margin feeding. In some species, feeding behavior changes during development: early instar larvae may produce hole-feeding, whereas later instars shift to margin-feeding as they grow.