| Methods of Measurements
and Counts
Methods of measurements and counts generally followed Nakabo (2002).
For the fin formulae, the numbers of spinous and soft fin rays are described
by Roman numerals (I, II, III, ......) and Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, ......), respectively.
The unbranched soft rays are sometimes expressed in small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, ......).
Spinous fin rays are generally called spines.
In the case of the dorsal or anal (sometimes pectoral or pelvic) fins containing spines and soft rays,
the numbers of spines and soft rays are separated by a comma.
When the dorsal (or anal) fin consists of two or more fins (i.e. first dorsal fin, second dorsal fin, ......),
each fin is separated by a hyphen.
Gill rakers on the fist gill arch on the right side of the body are used for counting.
Numbers of gill rakers on the upper and lower limbs are separated by a "+" sign. When present,
the one or more gill rakers between the limbs are included in the lower limb.
Number of vertebrae is included urostyle.
Counts of abdominal and caudal vertebrae are separeted by a g+h sign.
The arrangement of fishes in this book follows the ordering system of Nelson (2006).
A (number of anal fin rays).
D (number of dorsal fin rays).
DPC (number of dorsal procurrent caudal fin rays).
DW (disc width).
FL (fork length): linear distance from most anterior point of head to bottom of concave margin of caudal fin.
GR (number of gill rakers).
LGR (number of gill rakers on lower limb).
LL (number of lateral line scales): number of scales on lateral
line from the scale behind the posttemporal to the caudal
fin base.
LLp (number of pored scales on lateral line): only the number
of pored scales on lateral line is counted.
LR (number of scales in longitudinal row): number of scales
in longitudinal row from the dorsal end of the opercular membrane to the caudal fin base.
P1 (number of pectoral fin rays).
P2 (number of pelvic fin rays).
PDS (number of predorsal scales): number of scales on the
dorsal midline from the origin of dorsal fin forward to occipital
region.
PLp (preanal lateral-line pores): number of pores along lateral line behind gill opening to just above the anus.
SL (standard length): linear distance from most anterior point of upper lip (or snout)
with mouth closed to caudal fin base (posterior end of hypurals, roughly where fold formed by bending caudal fin).
TL (total length): greatest linear distance between most anteriorly projecting part of head
with mouth closed and farthest tip of caudal fin when caudal rays squeezed together.
All unspecified lengths are assumed to be total lengths.
VN (number of vertebrae). |
